Who studied counter school subcultures through a mix of qualitative methods?

The study of counter school subcultures is closely associated with the work of Willis. He conducted qualitative research, primarily using participant observation and interviews, to explore how working-class boys developed a distinct subculture in response to the educational environment. His classic study, "Learning to Labour," illustrates how these boys formed a counter-school culture that rejected the values of the mainstream educational system while exhibiting a sense of solidarity and identity among their peers. This qualitative approach allowed Willis to gain deep insights into the boys' behaviors, values, and the social dynamics at play within the school context, making his work crucial for understanding the relationship between education and social class.

Other researchers mentioned, while they may have contributed to the understanding of education and subcultures, did not focus specifically on counter school subcultures through the same qualitative methods as Willis.