Which of the following methods can be included under ethnographic research?

Ethnographic research is a qualitative research method that focuses on exploring and understanding the lived experiences and cultures of individuals within specific social settings. It typically involves immersive observation and participation, allowing researchers to gather in-depth insights into the behaviors, interactions, and meanings that people attribute to their social world.

Unstructured interviews are particularly well-suited for ethnographic research because they provide a flexible format for engaging with participants. In these interviews, the researcher can explore topics in depth, allowing for rich narratives and the emergence of themes that reflect participants' views and experiences. This method aligns with ethnographic principles, as it prioritizes participants' perspectives and contextual understanding.

In contrast, statistical regressions, formal experiments, and randomized controlled trials are quantitative research methods that rely on statistical analysis and structured protocols. These methods typically focus on measuring variables and establishing causality, which is not the primary goal of ethnography. Ethnographic research seeks to capture the complexity of social life through narratives and detailed accounts, making unstructured interviews a fitting choice within its methodologies.