What characterizes participant observation?

Participant observation is characterized by the researcher actively joining in the group's activities. This approach enables the researcher to gain insights into the participants' behaviors, feelings, and social dynamics from an insider's perspective. By being directly involved, the researcher can observe phenomena as they naturally occur and gather qualitative data that may not be accessible through other research methods. This method is particularly useful for understanding complex social interactions and cultural practices, as it allows the researcher to build rapport and trust with participants, fostering a deeper understanding of their lived experiences.

Other choices describe aspects that do not align with the core characteristics of participant observation, such as observing without interaction or focusing solely on quantitative data, which is not typical of this qualitative method. While participant observation can certainly take place over a long period, the defining feature remains the active engagement of the researcher in the group’s activities.