How is a focus group defined in research methodologies?

A focus group is defined as a qualitative method that involves group discussions on a specific topic. This approach allows researchers to gather insights from participants in a more dynamic and interactive setting than traditional one-on-one interviews. In focus groups, a moderator facilitates discussions among participants, enabling them to express their thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to the subject at hand. This method is particularly valuable in exploring attitudes and perceptions, as the interaction between participants can lead to deeper insights and a richer understanding of complex issues.

The essence of a focus group's effectiveness lies in its ability to generate qualitative data, which can reveal nuances that might not emerge in other methodologies. The engaging format can stimulate conversation, revealing a wider range of perspectives and stimulating new ideas through dialogue as participants interact with one another.

The other options describe different methodologies that do not encapsulate the essence of a focus group. For instance, a method for conducting surveys pertains to quantitative research, observational research focuses on watching subjects in their natural environment without interaction, and the collection of statistical data relates to quantitative data analysis rather than qualitative discussions.